How to Treat Iron Deficiency

Treating iron deficiency focuses on restoring iron levels in the body to their normal range. The appropriate treatment depends on the individual’s needs and a healthcare provider’s recommendations. Identifying the underlying cause is essential, as iron deficiency can sometimes result from an underlying health condition. Below are the most common methods used to manage and treat iron deficiency.

1. Adjusting the Diet

One of the first steps in treating iron deficiency is improving dietary habits. A person’s current diet may lack iron-rich foods. Doctors typically recommend increasing the intake of iron sources such as leafy green vegetables, iron-fortified cereals and bread, meats, and legumes like lentils, beans, and peas.

It's also advised to limit the consumption of certain foods and drinks that can inhibit iron absorption, especially around mealtimes. These include tea, coffee, dairy products, and foods high in phytic acid (found in whole grains).

2. Iron Supplements

Iron supplements are among the most common treatments for iron deficiency. Replenishing iron stores usually takes between three to six months. However, excess iron can be harmful and may damage organs, so supplements should only be taken under medical supervision.

Some people may experience side effects like a metallic taste, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, or stomach discomfort. These can often be managed by taking the supplement with food, lowering the dose, switching to a different form, or, in some cases, receiving intravenous iron instead. All adjustments should be made in consultation with a doctor.

3. Treating the Source of Blood Loss

If iron deficiency is caused by blood loss—such as from heavy menstrual periods—oral supplements alone may not be sufficient. In such cases, physicians may prescribe hormonal birth control to reduce monthly blood loss. In more severe cases of bleeding, a blood transfusion may be necessary to restore lost iron and red blood cells.

4. Intravenous Iron Therapy

In certain situations, a doctor may recommend intravenous (IV) iron infusions, especially if oral supplements are ineffective or poorly tolerated, if the patient has absorption issues, or in cases of significant blood loss. IV iron helps avoid the need for blood transfusions in some patients.

Intravenous Infusion

This method involves slowly delivering iron through a vein over a few hours. It’s generally less painful and preferred due to its lower risk of side effects.

Intramuscular Injection

Iron can also be injected directly into a muscle, typically the buttocks. Although faster, this method is often painful and may cause muscle bleeding or discoloration at the injection site. As a result, it’s less commonly used than IV infusions.

The Importance of Iron in the Body

Iron plays a vital role in many bodily functions. It is a core component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Iron also helps muscles store oxygen and is involved in the production of various enzymes and hormones.