What Are the Symptoms of Vitamin B Deficiency?

Vitamins are essential nutrients that the body needs to produce energy, build and maintain healthy tissues, and support numerous physiological functions. These organic compounds differ in structure and function, yet all contribute significantly to overall health.

Vitamins are classified into two main types: water-soluble and fat-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins, such as the B-complex group, are not stored in the body and must be replenished regularly through diet. Fat-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, can be stored in the body's fat tissues for future use.

The Importance of B Vitamins

The B-complex vitamins are a group of eight distinct vitamins that play specialized roles in the body. They are vital for proper nerve function, muscle performance, energy production from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as for maintaining healthy skin and supporting vision. Since the body cannot store B vitamins, a consistent dietary intake is essential to prevent deficiency and its associated health risks.

Symptoms of Deficiency in Specific B Vitamins

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

• Loss of appetite
• Digestive issues, such as constipation
• Fatigue and irritability
• Difficulty concentrating and maintaining balance
• In severe cases, nerve damage and an increased risk of developing beriberi

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

• Digestive discomfort
• Lack of appetite
• Inflammation of the gums and tongue, with cracked corners of the mouth
• Eye fatigue and visual strain
• Growth delays and hair loss due to reduced hemoglobin production

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

• Pellegra—a condition characterized by diarrhea, skin inflammation, and nerve dysfunction

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

• Burning feet syndrome
• Hormonal imbalances in the adrenal glands
• Fatigue and headaches
• Joint pain, abdominal discomfort
• Muscle cramps and heart palpitations

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

• Severe anxiety and neurological convulsions in children
• Depression, confusion, weight loss, and anemia in adults

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

• Appetite loss
• Nerve fiber damage
• Dry, flaky skin
• Hair thinning or hair loss

Vitamin B9 (Folate or Folic Acid)

• Anemia
• Weakened immune response and increased susceptibility to illness
• Increased risk of heart disease

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

• Pernicious anemia, which can lead to an enlarged spleen
• Liver enlargement
• Loss of appetite
• Inflamed tongue and pale skin
• Increased risk of osteoporosis